Domain Names

Name servers do two things all day long: firstly they accept requests from programs to convert domain names into IP addresses, and secondly they accept requests from other name servers to convert domain names into IP addresses. When a request comes in, the name server can do one of four things with it: It can answer the request with an IP address because it already knows the IP address for the domain. It can contact another name server and try to find the IP address for the name requested. It may have to do this multiple times. It can say, "I don't know the IP address for the domain you requested, but here's the IP address for a name server that knows more than I do." Or it can return an error message because the requested domain name is invalid or does not exist.

Domain Name Registration
When you type a URL into your browser, the browser's first step is to convert the domain name and host name into an IP address so that the browser can go request a Web page from the machine at that IP address. To do this conversion, the browser has a conversation with a name server. When you set up your machine on the Internet, you had to tell your machine what name server it should use for converting domain names to IP addresses. On some systems, the DNS is dynamically fed to the machine when you connect to the ISP, and on other machines it is hard-wired. Any program on your machine that needs to talk to a name server to resolve a domain name knows what name server to talk to because it can get the IP address of your machine's name server from the operating system.

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